About the contributors --
1. Reading motivation and engagement in middle and high school : appraisal and intervention / John T. Guthrie --
Dilemmas of students' motivation and engagement in school reading --
Challenge : teacher support for motivation and engagement --
meaning is motivating : classroom goal structures --
Control and choice : supporting self-directed reading --
Reading is social : bringing peer interaction to the text --
Self-efficacy : building confident readers --
Interest in reading : potency of relevance --
Struggling readers : boosting motivation in low achievers --
Merging engagement support into structured classroom management --
Next steps : transforming classrooms and schools --
2. Meaning is motivating : classroom goal structures / Jessica E. Douglass and John T. Guthrie --
Providing mastery goals --
Using hands-on activities --
Mastery versus performance motivation : theory and research --
Transforming text to meaning --
Scaffolding mastery motivation --
Providing reteach opportunities --
Rewarding effort over performance --
3. Control and choice : supporting self-directed reading / Sarah Fillman and John T. Guthrie --
Providing control and choice in instruction --
Overview of instructional practices --
Options for how to learn from text --
Student self-direction and shared control : theory and research --
Self-selection of knowledge displays --
Voice in standards for evaluating --
Scaffolding control and choice for diverse students --
Order in the classroom! --
Roles for administrators --
4. Reading is social : bringing peer interaction to the text / Dee Antonio and John T. Guthrie --
Student-led discussions --
Collaborative reasoning --
Why social interaction: Research and theory --
Arranging partnerships --
Socially constructing class management --
Scaffolding social motivation over time --
5. Self-efficacy : building confident readers / Shana Yudowitch, Lucas M. Henry, and John T. Guthrie --
Matching text to students --
How self-efficacy develops in a classroom : theory and research --
Establishing initial confidence --
Setting realistic goals --
Assuring enabling skills --
6. Interest in reading : potency of relevance / Robert L. Gibb and John T. Guthrie --
Rationale for relevance --
Personalizing with questioning --
Extending intrinsic interests --
How relevance works : theory and evidence --
7. Growing motivation : how students develop / John T. Guthrie --
Situated motivation is significant --
Motives move from outside to inside --
Internal motivation drives achievement --
General motivation is stable --
Global internal motivation declines across time --
8. Struggling readers : boosting motivation in low achievers / Sandra Jacobs Ivey and John T. Guthrie --
Varieties of unmotivated readers --
Externally motivated low achievers --
Approaches to motivation for moderately struggling readers --
Low achievers who resist reading --
Approaches to motivation for resistant students --
A learning curriculum for struggling readers --
Resistant students who struggle to recognize words --
Instructional approaches for resistant students with word reading deficits --
9. Next steps for teachers / John T. Guthrie --
Identifying one motivation to address --
Selecting several instructional practices to initiate motivation --
Planning short-term change --
Planning long-term change --
Phasing in support for all motivations and implementing all practices --